The Importance of Self-Concept and Self-Esteem - 1252 Words

Introduction The concept of self has been addressed by many psychology theorists. Self-concept and self-esteem are considered to be the feelings and constructs that people experience in relation to themselves. The idea that self-concept and self-esteem are closely linked to peoples abilities to deal with changes and issues in their lives and to provide some measure of control over what happens to them is documented widely in the literature (Bandura, 1977; Brown, 1993, 1998; Brown Dutton, 1995; Brown and Marshal, 2001; Donnellan, et al., 2005; Watson Clark, 1984; Watson Tellegan, 1985). Self-image and self-perception are basically equivalents to self-concept (Mann, 2004). Self-esteem is regarded as equivalent to self-regard, self-estimation and self-worth. Self-esteem is the evaluative and affective dimension of the self-concept (Mann, 2004). The self is both the knower and the one who is known. Concepts we hold about ourselves may be core to knowing the self, as self-awareness is a continual, fluctuating state. Barring, for this purpose, consideration of the physical self, the aspects that make up the self are cognitive, affective, and executive. The cognitive self consists of our self-knowledge all that we know or believe that we know about ourselves. The affective self is the felt or emotional self, while the executive self is the active or behavioral self (Brown, 1998). Self-esteem and emotion. Self-esteem has been associated with a wide array of positive andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Self Esteem1630 Words   |  7 PagesMills BU 110 25 October 2016 The Importance of Self-Esteem It is often said that if an individual wishes to succeed in life they must have confidence. That in order to handle difficult situations it is confidence that will see them through. But what if that’s wrong? What if there was a lesser known, subtly more powerful force that would allow an individual to succeed and be resilient to those difficult situations? Often confused with confidence, it is self-esteem that is a powerful mechanism affectingRead MoreThe Self Paper1268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self Paper Kimberly Kline Psych/555 January 20, 2014 Tracy Masiello The Self Paper This paper will define the concept of self, and explain how an individual develops a self-concept. It will explain the relationship between the self and emotion and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-esteem. It will also explain the relationship between the self and behavior and how this relationship affects an individual’s self-presentation. Read MoreDevelopment of Self Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesDevelopment of Self The development of self starts at a very young age. When a preschooler is asked how are they different from other children, they usually look at their self concept. Self concept is their identity, of their set of beliefs about what they are like as individuals. Most preschoolers give inaccurate statements about their self concept. They usually overestimate their skills and knowledge. Preschool-age children also begin to develop a view of self that reflects their particularRead MoreSelf -Esteem and Student Success1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Self-Esteem on Student Success Cristine Scott Central Michigan University CED 502 Student Development in Higher Education Mr. John Lalibertà © In today’s’ society, success is often measured by academic and professional achievement. Higher education provides more opportunity and freedom. Statistics verify that generally, the more highly educated have higher earnings and there is a significant difference between wages earned by employees with College degrees and those without. HigherRead MoreLiterature Review : Skin Care Product Use Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: Skin Care Product Use It has been found that skin care product users are positively related to self and health consciousness. Consumers also value their state of emotion and physical well-being. In terms of skin care products, it is one of many factors influenced to maintain one’s need for care of general appearance (Yeon and Chung, 2011). According to a pharmaceutical journal by Niha Naveed, on average women use 12 skin care products daily, and men use 6. Additionally, in relationRead MoreA Nursing Practice Theory : Unifying Holistic Approach Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesNeeds theory was partially influenced by works of K. Goldstein who developed the concept of self-actualization, later borrowed by Maslow and other psychologists (Francis Kritsonis, 2006). Definitions of Major Concepts As it was mentioned before, the key idea of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory relates to the existence of several sets of motivation and needs that govern human behavior. Hence, the major concepts of this theory include certain needs that are grouped into sets based on their placeRead MoreThe Identification Of Self Esteem1260 Words   |  6 PagesStates 85% of people suffer from low self-esteem. This means that many of us are consumed by fear of failure, fail more often than not, tend to procrastinate, feel unfulfilled, frustrated, angry, unloved, unlovable, nervous or shy, are indecisive, suffer from many other uncomfortable feelings that prevent us from our realizing full potential. In order to cure this illness, we must first know the cause and where it originated. The identification of self-esteem as a part of psychology thought to haveRead MoreThe Role Of Self Esteem And Consumer Behavior1025 Words   |  5 Pages The aim of this essay is to explain the role of self-esteem in consumer behaviour. In order to understand this concept, I will firstly explain the basic definitions related to self-esteem. Secondly, I will identify the importance of self-esteem when segmenting and positioning within a market; through two marketing appeals. One focusing on high self-esteem and the other explaining low self-esteem. Lastly, I will evaluate the managerial and consumer implications from the examples selected. As a resultRead MoreEffect of Gender on Self-Esteem in China1432 Words   |  6 PagesHead: VALID OR NOT Effects of Gender on Self-Esteem in China Name of Student School Abstract Six studies present varying results on the effect of gender on self-esteem. Watkins Yu (1993) found gender to have little effect on self-esteem but much on self-concept and self-satisfaction, especially among Chinese women. Zhang Leung (2002) suggested the moderating factors of gender and age in the connection between individual and collective self-esteem and life satisfaction. Their research concludedRead MoreSelf Reflection : Self Esteem956 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-esteem is the comprehension of self-acknowledgement from the self and from others. Factors contributing to overall self-esteem includes; Self-worth, Self- tolerance and belief in oneself. (SOURCE4) Self-esteem is thought to begin as early as life and continue throughout existence with various changes as age progresses. (SOURCE#2) A sense of self-esteem outside of the norm can lead to problematic life occurrences. Both high and low self-perception can intervene with everyday life. People with

Internet Is Getting More Advanced - 1388 Words

Internet is getting more advanced. People over the world have access to the Internet at their home that allows them to be educated, to communicate with families and friends from far distance, and to be entertain by movies. Colleges, hospital, and other public places also provide free Internet for people to use. Internet makes it possible for people to share their knowledge of education and their experimental around the world. Teachers across the world can communicate with each other better than before all because of Internet. Some people may argue that Internet has negatively effects students’ personal life and distracted them from finishing their assignments. Although the Internet can be distracting if it not used wisely but no matter†¦show more content†¦Not all the resources online are credible, mainly people opinion but most of them are credible because it involved experimental and logical facts. If college students are not careful about using credible resources t hen they will face difficulty during their research and will end up having an inadequate research paper. Finding credible resources online is challenging when searching in Google or Wikipedia. It involved a lot of reading and critical thinking and the articles may not be reliable at the end, which is a waste of time. To make it easier for students to find credible resources without having to search everywhere else, most colleges are now have online library systems where students can find information about scholarly articles with databases by reading online using a computer. This library system is useful and less stressful for the students to use and having access to the Internet at all time gives them freedom to fully concentrated on finding the right article that supports their paper. A study of students’ attitudes and usage toward the Internet in an agriculture course found that students use the Internet because it is easy to understand, important, beneficial, believable an d accurate (Rhoades et al.) Students can stay at home to do their research by login online through library system without

Theme Of Allusions In Frankenstein - 987 Words

Frankenstein Allusions Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein, references many other works of literature in her renowned book. To name a few of the referenced works there were John Milton’s Paradise Lost, the Greek â€Å"Prometheus myth†, and the widely known poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†. Each of these allusions gave a new meaning to Shelley’s story, affecting how each of the readers interpreted her words. Paradise Lost shares many parallels with Frankenstein. Two different characters from Milton’s poem can be compared to Victor Frankenstein’s monster. The first of the characters is Lucifer; the fallen angel can closely relate to the creature from Shelley’s story. Both were forsaken by their creators,†¦show more content†¦did I solicit thee/ From darkness to promote me?,† (Milton, Lines 743-745). Alike Adam, Frankenstein’s monster also feels the pain of his existence, asking Victor why he had cr eated him, though he didn’t truly expect an answer. Adam and the creature share most of their similarities through their pain, almost curing their creators as the bane of their existences. Moving forward to the â€Å"Prometheus myth,† the similarities between the stories are a bit more difficult to identify, but not impossible. There are also comparisons between characters of the myth and of Frankenstein. Again, the creature is the focus of these comparisons, as he can be said to similar to the Titan, Prometheus. Each character tries to offer their assistance to humanity, but only receives punishment in response to their actions. For Prometheus, Zeus, otherwise known as Jupiter in Roman mythology, seeks what he thinks is retribution for the Titan disobeying his direct order of not granting the humans with fire. Zeus creates the â€Å"perfect† woman, Pandora, and sends her to Prometheus and his brother, Epimetheus. Pandora disobeys one of the only requests given to her: do not open the box she was given. Instead of adhering to the instructions, the woman lets her curiosity get the better of her, causing all kinds of horrors to be released into the world, which then had â€Å"the bottomShow MoreRelatedThe Themes Of Allusions In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1096 Words   |  5 Pagesconversation is chiefly remarkable for the summariness of its allusions and the rapidity of its transitions. Before one of them is half through a sentence the other knows his meaning and replies. ... His mental lungs breathe more deeply, in an atmosphere more broad and vast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mary Shelley was a young and brilliant author and woman, who if allusionist was a career path, she’d be a trailblazer. Although she has an almost impeccable hand at allusions, why does she use them? Was it because of her youth in lifeRead MoreFrankenstein essay 2 672 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Frankensteins Monster and Miltons Satan An Essay on Paradise Lost and Frankenstein By Chris Davidson Almost all great works of literature contain allusions to other great works of literature that enhance the meaning of the work. Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is an excellent example of a major literary work that contains a sustained allusion to another major work. Frankenstein contains many references to Milton’s Paradise Lost, and the two stories are parallel in many aspects. In Shelly’sRead MoreFrankenstein: Allusions1112 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Pham Professor Robert Guffey English 100 13 November 2012 Frankenstein: Into the Depths of Allusions An allusion is a figure of speech that is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, or literary work. These allusions are typically used by an author who intends to make a powerful point without the need to explain it. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein provides many examples of allusion s. She connects the story of â€Å"Prometheus†, Coleridge s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Milton sRead MoreMary Shelley ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words   |  5 Pages(Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â €Å"steals† the secret of lifeRead MoreUse of Allusion and Symbolism in Edward Scissorhands Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesUse of Allusion and Symbolism in Edward Scissorhands Nothing just happens in film. Directors all make certain choices in production in order to invite a particular response from the audience. The film, Edward Scissorhands is based around the introduction of a social outcast into a community and his attempts at acceptance. Although at first he is accepted whole heartedly and somewhat smothered, he later learns that despite how human he is, he cannot co-exist in theRead MoreInfluence of The Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphoses and Paradise Lost in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Frankenstein, possibly Mary Wollstonecraft Shelleys most well-known work, is considered by some to be the greatest Gothic Romance Novel. Due to her marriage to Percy Bysshe Shelley and close friendship with other prolific Romantic authors and poets, namely Lord Byron, Shelleys works permeate with Romantic themes and references. Also present in Frankenstein are obvious allusions to The Metamorphoses by Ovid and Paradise Read MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesand Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved forever, and they both face the reality of corruption. The use of allusions in both novels plays a big role in assisting the authors with introducing the message of innocence and corruption. The most obvious use of an allusion inRead MoreMary Shellys Frankenstein and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner935 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Frankenstein† composed by Mary Shelley and â€Å"Blade Runner† directed by Ridley Scott Propose two of the most paramount science fiction stories as they don’t just pursue the logic of technological futurism but also present us with ideas about our humanity. Catalysed by their powerful contexts, both texts represent their common ideas, themes and values allowing us to fully appreciate their significance which continue to resonate throughout time. Despite being composed at different times, both FrankensteinRead MoreEssay about Frankenstein Allusions1689 Words   |  7 PagesIn the gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley weaves an intricate web of allusions through her characters’ expedient desires for knowledge. Both the actions of Frankenstein, as well as his monster allude to John Milton’s Paradise Lost. Book eight of Milton’s story relates the tale of Satan’s temptation and Eve’s fateful hunger for knowledge. The infamous Fall of Adam and Eve introduced the knowledge of good and evil into a previously pristine world. With one swift motion sin was birthed, and theRead More The Theme of Justice in Frankenstein Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesHow important is the theme of justice in Frankenstein. Refer closely to the creation scene and Justines trial scene. Justice is defined as justice is the administration of law; especially : the establishment or determination of rights according to the rules of law or equity which can be interpreted as adhering to laws of both a natural and civilised level. In Frankenstein many of the fundamental laws of both humanity and the world we live in are broken. Creation in he Christian faith is

Issue of Income Inequality and Crime-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Relationship between Income Inequality and Crime. Answer: Introduction The relationship between income inequality and occurrence of crime has always been subject of study. Crime rates can depend on penalties associated with and it can also depend on the differentiation between achievement of crime and opportunity cost (Brush, 2017). The concept of relative deprivation tells that inequality can create social tension as the poor can feel dispossessed. The feeling of unfairness and disadvantage can lead to seek the satisfaction and compensation, including crime. The concept of income inequality and crime can be described from both economic and sociological aspect. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between income inequality and crime. In the first part of the study, objectives and research questions will be given and in the literature review section, scholarly papers will be reviewed based on the topic. In the methodology and data collection section, the process of data collection will be described. Project Objectives The objectives of the project are: To find out the reasons behind rise in the income inequality in deprived sections To identify the types of crime associated to income inequality To establish the relationship between income inequality and crime To suggest some possible ways to solve the issue of income inequality and crime Project scopes The scope of the project is to highlight the relationship between income inequality and crime through using various secondary sources including first-hand data. This study would explore various scholarly articles of economics, sociology and psychology to underpin the concept of crime and income inequality. The study would strive to find out the psychology of the people at bottom of the income distribution and the societal pressure to them to gain in the status competition. The main argument of the study would be based on psycho-sociological perspectives of the risk-seeking behaviour of the lower income class people. Literature review Rise in the income inequality and reasons behind risk-taking activities among people Changes in the income distribution is one such reason behind the income inequality and in the developed countries, the income inequality has grown since 1970s (Box, 2017). The reasons of the income inequality are manifold and it is the interaction of multiple factors. In the developed countries, the globalisation snatches the chance of employment to the low skill labourers. The people are losing their jobs because of extreme competition and most importantly, they are moving to low-wage areas such as Asian countries and other emerging economies, like Brazil, Egypt, India and China. Else, the people have to choose the way of risk-taking activities like criminal offence to maintain their livelihoods. As pointed out By Kennedy et al., (2017), in recent time, the rapid progress in information technology leads to increase demand of educated and high skilled labours, therefore income distribution only favours to the skilled brains. The uneducated, less fortune and poor people do not get any chance to improve their condition and they do not get any alternative source of income to earn their livelihood. In psycho-sociological perspective, the rich people get various extra advantages in life, like good accommodation, standard living, convenient leisure and benefits of higher communication among the society, these factors award the rich with the tag of winner and runners-up do not have any proviso to improve their lifestyles (Patterson, 2017). Minority communities, people with low socio-economic conditions, people from disadvantaged background are often treated unfairly and they are excluded from the modern flow of life. Sometimes, these often lead to the anti-social activities for out of frustration. Of late, in many underdeveloped economy countries, many people come as an immigrant to developed countries. In such cases, the immigrant-less educated people do not get any means of earning the money and continue their living. They have the only option left to do risk-taking activities to snatch money. Desperate needs to cope up with the modern lifestyle and poverty-stricken create the consequence of gradual tendency to commit a crime (Hipp, 2017). For instance, in the US, before 1965, the number of dropouts was higher and most of the young generation joined in the criminal activities with the immigrant people, many of the American-born young generation became low-skilled workers (Guiterrez et al., 2013). Moreover, in many instances, it has been observed that power of Trade Unions is losing and its importance loses has been degrading. In a previous time, Unions try to balance the wages and the societal norm was followed for all. Now, the low-skilled labours do not chance to work in t he factories and most of the time, they are forced to leave the works by managerial forces (Kakwani, 2016). Therefore, they have to join the illegal activities and criminal offences to earn the medium of livelihoods. There are various functions that are associated with the crime, differences in monetary valuation, inflation, consumer price index, purchasing power and faster expansion in price and wealth distribution gap. Additionally, states must start welfare policies for the backward class and states need to facilitate the labour laws, equal rights laws and tax laws to bring the backward class in the mainstream. Types of crime associated with income inequality As stated by Olson, Herman Zanna (2014), crime is one such function of the individuals calculations in expected utility of crime with comparing the same resources and the same time to pursue the legal working or activities. Therefore, it is obvious that many poor individuals intend to do the illegal activities as they see that legal activities do not offer benefits to them in short-term perspectives Braithwaite (2013). There are many such penalties and laws are there to prevent the crime, however, the societal nature and psychology of the individuals pressurise the people to do such works as individual think non-criminal activities can be accepted if the benefit of crime is lower than poverty status of them. The crimes of the poor individuals who have been the victim of unequal income follow the mechanism of emotional motivation and rational calculation. The crimes of the people can be divided into two types, property theft (robbery, burglary, larceny/theft, and motor vehicle theft) and the violent crimes (murder, forcible rape, aggravated assault). As opposed by Chiu Madden (2015), a country's economic growth can impact in lowering the crime occurrences as the growth of GDP can reduce the income inequality gap. A rich economy can alleviate the poverty level. International Statistics on Crime and Justice published a report in 2015 and this dataset showed the various crime incidences in developed and developing countries, assault, murder, homicide, robbery and rape. Moreover, most of the incidences of homicide were found in the Africans regions and American part, the lowest homicide rate was found in the European regions (Choe, 2013). Income inequality and crimes are increasing in the Latin American sections and most of the incidents in this part recorded as gang activities, organised crime and drug trafficking. The incidence of homicide was increased from 6.6 to 7 within 2012-2015; this homicide is included unlawful death and killing of persons (Hsieh Pugh, 2013). Income inequality, crime level and murder can be observed as reciprocal in trend as in African regions have highest rates of population and highest income inequality. In American region, Mexico is worst in income inequality and it has been facing the issuing law and justice system, crimes and drug trafficking. On the other side, United Nations published a report of incidence of rape in 65 countries and it showed that approximately, 250,000 cases of rape were recorded by the jurisdiction annually. This incidence is prevalent mainly in African regions and American regions where inequality of income is shown (Dahlerg Gustavsson, 2015). It has been also notified that Sweden is a good performer in economic basis and inequality of income is not prevalent, however, it registered the highest rape incidence in Europe with 46 rapes per 100,000. Incidents of robbery are different from the theft as it is associated with the bag snatching, mugging with violence. This type of incidents is most fa mous among the Caribbean and Latin America with 21% of rate. In last 10 year of the period, the incidents of robbery and assault have been increased in the communities that are mostly poor and have been facing the income inequality. The people who are living in poorer communities with higher population are mostly exposed to crimes (Fajnzylber, Lederman Loyaza, 2012). Relationship between income inequality and crime In many developed countries and most of the African countries, the measurement of income inequality does not account the wealth accumulation. The income inequality mostly impacts on the property crime in African Countries and in European regions as the people like to take this as permanent or transitory income. As opined by Enamorado et al., (2016), a region where income inequality is low and permanent income of people is high, the crime rate is also low, these places would give the wider distribution of transitory income. From 1974 to 2010, the permanent and transitory income of people got higher, income tax reports showed this figure. Total income could be measured by the total earning, job types and intergenerational variations. The younger generation has been facing the issue of permanent income shock as the permanent income has been calculated through the random growth model. According to Cheung Lucas (2016), property crime can be classified into three categories, burglary, sho plifting and auto theft. Increase in permanent income shock or inequality can push significant positive impact on the three categories as the people would try to have transitory income. Braithwaite (2013), opined that independent variables of crime that have associated with the inequality of income are sector-specific wages, unemployment rates, Gini Coefficient, average market wages. The critics estimated the opportunity wages for unemployment compensation and unemployment rate. As stated by Kennedy et al., (2017), opportunity wage is mainly depended on the rational choice of assumption which can provide legal opportunities to earn a wage to reduce the crime. Law enforcers are taking heavy loads in order to reduce the crime rate in the poorer communities as significant improvements in jurisdictions and law enforcement have already been taken in many parts of the world. The governments are trying to reduce the crime by instilling fear of long-term punishment. However, the government needs to contribute in a way that can improve the economic condition of the society to address the income inequality with better wages, availability of employment and job security to the poor people (Gutierrez et al., 2013). NGOs can work for the betterment of the condition of the poor section with self-development programmes, educate them, eradicate the desperation of money to be equal and provide family support. Research questions Primary question Does income inequality facilitate crime among the deprived section? Secondary questions What are the reasons behind rising in income inequality in different parts of the world? What types of crime are associated with income inequality? What could be some possible solutions to curb the income inequality and crimes among deprived section? Research design and methodology In order to conduct this research project, the researcher will collect both secondary and primary data. Secondary data will be collected from journals, government reports, websites, articles and books. Primary data will be collected from interview and survey. Qualitative method In this research project, the researcher will do interview sessions with the economists and sociologists who are residing in Australia. In the qualitative method, the interviews could be done through unstructured or structured types (Mackey Gass, 2015). The researcher has already identified two economists and two sociologists and the researcher will contact them through Facebook. The interviews will be through Skype as meeting them would not be possible. The researcher will prepare 8 open-ended questions about income inequality and crime in the society. The interviews will be the semi-structured type. The gathered data will be analysed through qualitative data analysis technique. Population Sample size Sample technique Sample frame Economists and Sociologists 4 Non-probability sampling Email and telephonic interviews Table 1: Collection of qualitative data through interview (Source: Created by researcher) Quantitative method In this research project, the researcher will collect the primary data through a survey. The researcher will prepare 15 close-ended questions for gathering data about income inequality and crime. The questions will be of two categories, demographics and subjective. The questions will be made on Google page and the researcher will post the questionnaire link on an Australian community Facebook page. The researcher has already taken the permission for this. There are more than 500 members of the group and the researcher will choose 150 respondents based on simple random sampling who will provide all responses. The data analysis procedure will be quantitative data analysis. Quantitative data deals with numerical findings (Taylor, Bogdan and DeValult, 2015) Population Sample size % of population Sample technique Sample frame 500 Australian citizens 150 30% Simple random sampling Google questions sheet link will be posted on Facebook page Table 2: Collection of quantitative data through survey (Source: Created by researcher) Research limitations In conducting the research, the researcher may face the issue of data validation in the literature review section; there will be various judgemental reviews and news. The researcher may face the limitation of accessing the online pdf because of the financial boundary. The researcher may also face the issue of time constraint in reviewing all the literature. In addition, in collecting the data from the survey, the researcher may face the limitation to filter the unbiased data from more than 150 respondents. The research will be the cross-sectional type of research, however, the primary data will showcase the responses only of Australian people's opinions and it may miss out the global perspective. Time schedule Activities Week 1 Week 4 Week 8 Week 12 Week 16 Week 20 Week 24 Selection of research topic ? Reviewing the literature ? Selection of research methods ? Collection of primary data (Interview and Survey) ? Drawing conclusion ? Providing recommendations ? Submission of research ? Table 3: Gantt chart (Source: Created by researcher) Conclusions Crime statistics depend on someone reporting the crimes and then someone reporting the aggregate statistics. There is room for distortions to be introduced at each step. The resources available to collect the data are probably less in poorer parts of the world than in wealthier parts. Finally, there may be a defining deviancy down effect where all these statistics are attenuated. It is absolutely inconceivable that human nature will allow a wealthy class to hoard all of the wealth for themselves, and cause widespread poverty in the process, expecting the victims of that greed to just complacently accept their fates. The problem in the developed countries and in other places where there are unimaginable wealth and dire poverty side by side, clearly the disadvantaged will find some way to lash out against the obvious injustice. The government and Humanity group can make people understand the consequences that can deter the offenders and aggressors from committing criminal acts. Reference List Box, S. (2017).Recession, crime and punishment(p. 96). Hong Kong: Macmillan Education. Braithwaite, J. (2013).Inequality, Crime and Public Policy (Routledge Revivals). Abingdon: Routledge. Brush, J. (2017). Does income inequality lead to more crime? A comparison of cross-sectional and time-series analyses of United States counties.Economics Letters,96(2), 264-268. Cheung, F., Lucas, R. E. (2016). Income inequality is associated with stronger social comparison effects: The effect of relative income on life satisfaction.Journal of personality and social psychology,110(2), 332. Chiu, W. H. Madden, P. (2015). Burglary and Income Inequality. Journal of Public Economics, 69, 123141. Choe, J, (2013). Income Inequality and Crime in the U.S. Economic Letters. 3(3), 31-33. Dahlerg, M Gustavsson, M. (2015). Inequality and Crime: Separating The Effects. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 129-154 Enamorado, T., Lpez-Calva, L. F., Rodrguez-Casteln, C., Winkler, H. (2016). Income inequality and violent crime: Evidence from Mexico's drug war.Journal of Development Economics,120, 128-143. Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D. Loayza, N. (2012) Inequality and Violent Crime. Journal of Law and Economics. 45(1), 1-3. Gutierrez Rufrancos, H., Power, M., Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. (2013). Income inequality and crime: a review and explanation of the time-series evidence.Sociology and criminology,1(1), e103-e103. Hipp, J. R. (2017). Income inequality, race, and place: Does the distribution of race and class within neighbourhoods affect crime rates?. Criminology,45(3), 665-697. Hsieh, C. C., Pugh, M. D. (2013). Poverty, income inequality, and violent crime: a meta-analysis of recent aggregate data studies.Criminal justice review,18(2), 182-202. Kakwani, N. (2016).Income inequality and poverty. Oxford University Press. Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I., Prothrow-Stith, D., Lochner, K., Gupta, V. (2017). Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent crime.Social science medicine,47(1), 7-17. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon: Routledge. Olson, J. M., Herman, C. P., Zanna, M. P. (2014).Relative deprivation and social comparison: The Ontario symposium(Vol. 4). Psychology Press. Patterson, E. B. (2017). Poverty, income inequality, and community crime rates.Criminology,29(4), 755-776. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons

My Strength and Weakness Push Me to Keep Moving Forward free essay sample

My biggest strength is I am a dedicated and hard-working learner. I take every class seriously, and work hard to complete all assignments for get good grades. First, I carefully listened to the teachers in every class. I try to keep in mind every word they said in the class. Second, I took notes. I wrote down every key point and concept from the teacher’s lecture. When I arrived home, I can use those notes to help me review and figure out some new ideas. Next, I work very hard to complete all assignments. For example, I woke up very early on every Saturday and Sunday, and study until midnight because I want to make all my homework are perfect. I revised my homework over and over again to make them as best I can. Finally, I believe my strength and all my positive behaviors can help me learn new courses successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on My Strength and Weakness Push Me to Keep Moving Forward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My weakness is I am not a native English speaker. Due to English is not my first language, so I do not have an abundance of vocabulary words, like other ESL students. I remember this drawback have caused me some inconveniences in the past. For instance, years ago, when I went to the grocery store, and I saw there are products printed with a cake on the boxes, so I thought it must be a cake on the inside of the box, but when I bought it to home and opened the box it was the cake flour. Another example, one day, when I described my thoughts in English, which I want to said is that people’s ability has declined in some reasons, but I used another word to replace that word declined, which was made another native speaker fell funny and confused. Those kinds of thing sometime can make people laugh, but it also can make me disappointed. Consequently, I am eager to learn more about English to get rid of weakness, until I can use English like a native speaker. One thing I have learned in ESL 263 is paragraph writing. In this class, I have learned few different skills in paragraph writing. First, I have learned how to correctly arrange the paragraph such as the unity, coherence and formatting. Second, how to write paragraph included clear organization, specific examples and details. Next, I have learned how to paraphrase a source to the writing. Last, how to write correct sentence structure such as simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence. In brief, all I have learned in ESL 263 are point to one thing, which is for improving the paragraph writing. My Strength and Weakness Push Me to Keep Moving Forward free essay sample I am a dedicated and hard-working learner. I take every class seriously, and work hard to complete all assignments for get good grades. First, I carefully listened to the teachers in every class. I try to keep in mind every word they said in the class. Second, I took notes. I wrote down every key point and concept from the teacher’s lecture. When I arrived home, I can use those notes to help me review and figure out some new ideas. Next, I work very hard to complete all assignments. For example, I woke up very early on every Saturday and Sunday, and study until midnight because I want to make all my homework are perfect. I revised my homework over and over again to make them as best I can. Finally, I believe my strength and all my positive behaviors can help me learn new courses successfully. My weakness is I am not a native English speaker. We will write a custom essay sample on My Strength and Weakness Push Me to Keep Moving Forward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Due to English is not my first language, so I do not have an abundance of vocabulary words, like other ESL students. I remember this drawback have caused me some inconveniences in the past. For instance, years ago, when I went to the grocery store, and I saw there are products printed with a cake on the boxes, so I thought it must be a cake on the inside of the box, but when I bought it to home and opened the box it was the cake flour. Another example, one day, when I described my thoughts in English, which I want to said is that people’s ability has declined in some reasons, but I used another word to replace that word declined, which was made another native speaker fell funny and confused. Those kinds of thing sometime can make people laugh, but it also can make me disappointed. Consequently, I am eager to learn more about English to get rid of weakness, until I can use English like a native speaker. One thing I have learned in ESL 263 is paragraph writing. In this class, I have learned few different skills in paragraph writing. First, I have learned how to correctly arrange the paragraph such as the unity, coherence and formatting. Second, how to write paragraph included clear organization, specific examples and details. Next, I have learned how to paraphrase a source to the writing. Last, how to write correct sentence structure such as simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence and compound-complex sentence. In brief, all I have learned in ESL 263 are point to one thing, which is for improving the paragraph writing.

Digestion and Absorption Essays - Digestive System, Hepatology

Digestion and Absorption Essays - Digestive System, Hepatology Introduction The key issue in the digestion and absorption of fats is one of solubility. Lipids are hydrophobic, and thus are poorly soluble in the aqueous environment of the digestive tract. The digestive enzyme, lipase, is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules. Digestion is greatly aided by emulsification, the breaking up of fat globules into much smaller emulsion droplets. Bile salts and phospholipids are amphipathic molecules that are present in the bile. Motility in the small intestine breaks fat globules apart into small droplets that are coated with bile salts and phospholipids, preventing the emulsion droplets from re-associating.The emulsion droplets are where digestion occurs. Emulsification greatly increases the surface area where water-soluble lipase can work to digest triacylglycerol. Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols. Lipase is primarily produced in the pancreas, but is also in th e mouth and stomach. Most people produce enough pancreatic lipase. But people with cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease may not have enough lipase to get the nutrition they need from food. Lipase is an enzyme which catalyzes the degradation of triglycerides. More generally known as Lipoprotein Lipase(LpL). This is a catabolic reaction. Lipases catalyse the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine, with an equation of ; Fats (lipids) Fatty acid and glycerol. Lipase hydrolyses the fat in milk to fatty acids which react with sodium carbonate to lower the pH of the mixture. This pH change is observed by using phenolphthalein. Procedure (a) Firstly , label three test-tubes 1-3. (b) Next , using a pipette or syringe, place 5 ml milk in each tube. (c) Rinse the pipette and use it to place 7 ml dilute sodium carbonate solution in each tube. This solution is to make the mixture alkaline. (d) Rinse the pipette or syringe and use it to place 1 ml 3% bile salts solution in tubes 2 and 3 only. (e) Use a dropping pipette to add phenolphthalein solution to each tube until the contents are bright pink. About six drops will be sufficient and equal quantities should be added to each tube. Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator. In alkaline solutions (above pH10) it is pink; in 'acid' solutions (below pH 8.3) it is colourless. (f) In a spare test-tube, place about 15 mm of 5% lipase solution and, using a test-tube holder, heat the liquid over a small Bunsen flame until it boils for a few seconds. Cool the tube under the tap and, using the graduated pipette or syringe, transfer 1 ml of the boiled liquid to tube 2. (g) With the pipette or syringe, place 1 ml unboiled lipase solution in tubes 1 and 3. (h) Note the time. Shake the tubes to mix the contents, return them to the rack and copy the table below into your notebook, observing the tubes from time to time. (i) Note the time required for the contents of each tube to go white and then complete the table of results. Results Tube 1 (Lipase only): took 6 mins 42 secs to turn from pink to clear/white Tube 2 (Boiled Lipase, Bile salts): remained pink after 15 minutes Tube 3 (Lipase and bile salts): 2 mins and 11 secs Discussion The result obtained is different because all three test tubes are tested with different condition and materials. From the result function of bile salts is known and what will a boiled lipase will result. Test tube 1 shows the change in phenolphthalein after 4 minutes, where you used no bile. This is the time it takes for lipase to break down ordinary fats to fatty acids and glycerol (the production of the acids causes the colour change). Test tube 2 doesnt show any changes for 15 minutes due to boiled lipase which is used to show the denaturing effect of heat on enzymes (which are proteins). Heating the lipase destroyed its structure, which in turn prevents its action. This means that no fats are converted, even in the presence of bile but emulsification still occurred in this tube. Test tube 3 took 2 minutes plus to change colour because the

Purify Alcohol or Denatured Ethanol Using Distillation

Purify Alcohol or Denatured Ethanol Using Distillation Denatured alcohol is toxic to drink and may be unsuitable for some lab experiments or other purposes. If you need pure ethanol (CH3CH2OH), you can purify denatured, contaminated or impure alcohol using distillation.   Alcohol Distillation Materials Balance100-mL volumetric flask or graduated cylinderDistillation apparatus250-mL beaker (or another container to receive the distilled alcohol)Hotplate or another flameless heat source (to avoid igniting the ethanol)Boiling chips200-mL impure ethanol (e.g., 70% denatured alcohol) You can also  make  a distillation apparatus if you dont already have one or arent sure what one looks like. Alcohol Distillation Procedure Put on appropriate safety gear, including goggles, gloves and protective clothing.Weigh the volumetric flask or graduated cylinder and record the value. This will help you determine your yield if you care to calculate it.Add 100.00 mL of alcohol to the volumetric flask. Weigh the flask plus alcohol and record the value. Now, if you subtract the mass of the flask from this value, you will know the mass of your alcohol. The density of your alcohol is the mass per volume, which is the mass of the alcohol (the number you just obtained) divided by the volume (100.00 mL). You now know the density of the alcohol in g/mL.Pour the ethanol into the distillation vessel and add the remaining alcohol.Add a boiling chip or two to the flask.Assemble the distillation apparatus. The 250-mL beaker is your receiving vessel.Turn on the hotplate and heat the ethanol to a gentle boil. If you have a thermometer in the distillation apparatus, youll see the temperature climb and then stabilize when it reache s the temperature of the ethanol-water vapor. Once you reach it, do not allow the temperature to exceed the stable value. If the temperature starts to climb again, it means the ethanol is gone from the distillation vessel. At this point, you could add more of the impure alcohol, if it didnt all fit in the container at the start. Continue distillation until you have collected at least 100 mL in the receiving beaker.Allow the distillate (liquid you collected) to cool to room temperature.Transfer 100.00 mL of this liquid into the volumetric flask, weigh the flask plus alcohol, subtract the weight of the flask (from earlier), and record the mass of the alcohol. Divide the mass of the alcohol by 100 to get the density of your distillate in g/mL. You can compare this value against a table of values to estimate the purity of your alcohol. The density of pure ethanol around room temperature is 0.789 g/mL.If you want, you can run this liquid through another distillation to increase its purity. Keep in mind, some alcohol is lost during every distillation, so youll have a lower yield with the second distillation and even less final product if you do a third distillation. If you double or triple distill your alcohol, you can determine its density and estimate its purity using the same method outlined for the first disti llation. Notes About Alcohol Ethanol is sold in the pharmacy sections of stores as a disinfectant. It may be called ethyl alcohol, ethanol or ethyl rubbing alcohol. Another common type of alcohol used for rubbing alcohol is isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol. These alcohols have different properties (notably, isopropyl alcohol is toxic), so if it matters which one you need, be sure the desired alcohol is listed on the label. Hand sanitizer gels also often use ethanol and/or isopropanol. The label should list which type of alcohol is used under the active ingredients. Notes About Purity Distilling denatured alcohol will remove enough impurities for may lab applications. Further purification steps could include passing the alcohol over activated carbon. This would be especially helpful if the point of the distillation is to obtain drinkable ethanol. Be very careful distilling ethanol to drink using denatured alcohol as a source. If the denaturing agent was simply an additive intended to make the alcohol bitter, this purification might be fine, but if toxic substances were added to the alcohol, a lesser degree of contamination may remain in the distilled product. This is especially likely if the contaminant had a boiling point close to that of the ethanol. You can reduce contamination by discarding the first bit of ethanol that is collected and the last portion. It also helps to tightly control the temperature of the distillation. Just be aware: distilled alcohol is not suddenly pure! Even commercially produced ethanol still contains traces of other chemicals.